A Report On The Bp Oil Spill Essay - 751 Words

British Petroleum also known as Anglo Persian Oil Company, and now known as BP. The company has experienced many ups and downs in its past history, but BP became one of the largest energy companies. Over BP history has experienced issues such as environmental damage, hazards that affected its works and issue due to business practices (Thome, Ferrell, Ferrell, 2011). On April 20, 2010 the BP oil spill was the worst in U.S. history. There was a terrible explosion and the sinking to the Deepwater Horizon oil rig. The explosion happened in the Gulf of Mexico killing 11 people (Urbina, 2010). At the time of the explosion BP was leasing the rig and 79 of the 126 employees on board the rig. Many reports focused on safety of the rig was conducted. Two investigators were dispatched to conduct reports on what happen that day on the rig. One report focused on safety culture they conducted one on one interview with 40 of the employees. The second report was on the status of the rig’s equipment. One of the reports described the concerns of the workers and who they felt about safety and fears. According to a spokesman for Transocean the 26 components on the rig that were said to be found in poor condition were actually minor, and that they had been inspected in the correct time frame by the original manufacturer. It was found that BP’s pipe was leaking oil and gas onto the ocean floor. The leak was reported to be about 42 miles of the cost of Louisiana which was capped offShow MoreRelatedBp Plc And Civil Society1189 Words   |  5 Pages BP PLC and Civil Society BP p.l.c understands that society continues to have a high expectation from companies, specifically coming from media and political figures. BP p.l.c published their 2013 annual report that reads, â€Å"We are also seeing that society has ever higher expectations of business. This is reflected in the increasing scrutiny placed on the commercial sector, particularly by politicians and the media. 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Healthcare Law and Ethics Free Essays

Healthcare Ethics Paper Brian Lucas HSC / 545 Healthcare Law and Ethics 1/16/2012 SHAWNA BUTLER Healthcare Ethics Paper My paper is on patient dumping which happens when a medical treatment facility may treat a patient initally for acute symptoms but then realizes the patient has no means to pay for the medical services rendered. In some cases back in the 1990’s it was found that a patient was put into a cab and the cab driver paid to take the patient away and let out on a street corner somewhere in a city in the USA. Some stories have been told that patients only had on a hospital gown and diaper and dumped on the curb. We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare Law and Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Usually these patients are older population, may have dementia or are chronic alcoholics and are too sick to care for themselves. Of course this practice is illegal after Congress passed the â€Å"Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA), sometimes referred to as COBRA since it was part of the year’s Consolidated Omnibus Budget†. (http://www. nurseweek. com, Karen Markus, JD, RN, p 1. ) The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act is a law passed by Congress to protect the patients from the practice of patient dumping. The law states that every patient that seeks medical treatment care in medical treatment facility must be assessed or screened by a qualified medical professional for the presence of an emergency medical condition. The law also requires the medical tratment facility to run tests, to rule out an emergency medical condition, can be screened by a physcian, nurse practicioner, physcian assistant. The patient must not just be triaged, which is a process in which order of priority a patient is to be screened and treated, but must be assessed to whether the patient has any health or safety issue that will result in impairment of life or death. The law states that the patient must be stabilized before any kind of means to transfer may occur. Supporting documentation both from the physcian or medical doctor, nurse practioner, physcian assistant and nursing care staff must also accompany the patient prior to any transfer. The patient must be deemed stable with no health or life threatening condition occuring during transfer. ((http://www. nurseweek. com, Karen Markus, JD, RN, p 1. ) So why did hospitals and medical treatment facilities start the illegal practice of patient dumping? Hospitals were being burdened with the financial costs of treating patients who were uninsured or didn’t have a means to pay for services rendered. Other factors were also researched and was just more than having financial means to pay. Social groups such as poor blacks and hispanic groups were also profiled to have the inability to pay for services rendered. Motivating factors for incentives to patient dump include â€Å"increasing number of uninsured, healthcare cost containment measures, the common law no-duty rule, and ineffective state statutory responses†. (_ZITO1. DOC, THOMAS A. GIONIS, pg. 1). Healthcare Ethics Paper Cost cutting measures though is the primary reason for patient dumping and with the common law no -duty rule, both hospitals and physcians have used this measure to decrease liability in servies rendered without the possibility of reemburishment. But in order to protect the patient from denial of care, it is required by law for hospitals and treatment facilities to be compliant within Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act Law. The patient must be determined to be medically stable before any kind of transfer is to be arranged. So how do the four major eithical principles apply to patient dumping? To answer this we need to look closer at the four major ethical principles and expand on each principle as it applies to our ethical problem. The four major ethical principles are: Autonomy – respecting self-determination of individuals and protecting those persons with diminished autonomy. 2. Benefice – giving highest priority to the welfare of persons and maximizing benefits to their health. 3. Non-maleficence – avoiding and preventing harm to persons or, at least, minimizing harm. . Justice – treating persons with fairness and equity and distributing benefits and burdens of health care as fairly as possible in society. With Autonomy being the first ethical prinicpal, the patient either must be able to understand and make decisions based on the information presented by the hospital for his or her own medical care. If the patient is not in a mental state to do that, then it must be det ermined either through a desginated assigned guardian legally, or through the state to determine the best interest for that patient. With Benefice, the law requires that the patient should be able to have diginity with respect to their own healthcare. They shouldn’t be denied medical care based on their race, color, social economic group status and receive a fair treatment as other citizens receive within the laws established by the government. With Non-maleficence, safety is the number one priority here. The patient must be protected from being harmed or harming themselves or others during their medical treatment and care. With Justice, the patient must be treated in a fair and appropiate manner that is equal to the treatments of what other people in society would expect to receive. This would be equal and fair humane treatment. Healthcare Ethics Paper Still even today patient dumping is still happening. Illegal undocumented aliens who are in a condition of chronicle illness or injury are being shipped back to their home countries through the use of air ambulances. When they return to their home countries, it is known that those countires don’t have the means or medical equipment to treat those patients and their mortality rate significantly increases. So is this practice an ethical issue. Yes because the avoidance of treating them is still the same issue as before by using the practice of patient dumping. This last year the President of the United States and Congress passed the Patient Protection and Affordability Act. This law still leaves out undocument illegal aliens not allowing them to receive medical treatment. The law is still continuing to evol and it is in the future that changes in the law will be changed to include medical care for these people. Wolpin, supra note 6, at 152–53. ) This paper goals is to provide more insight concerning ethical issues regarding patient dumping. It is the hope in the future that all patients regardless of economic social status, race and ethinic groups will receive fair and adequate humane medical treatments. As to allow patient dumping is a non ethical practice that should not be allowed to continue. References: www. wcl. american. edu/journal/lawrev/52/zito. pdf File Format: PDF/Ad obe Acro www. jblearning. com/samples/†¦ /4526X_CH14_235_250. pdf How to cite Healthcare Law and Ethics, Essays

Hydrology (928 words) Essay Example For Students

Hydrology (928 words) Essay Hydrology Y ? O bjbj?W?W -. ?= ?= O ] ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ~ ? ? ? ? ? ? $ o? c? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ; ? ? ? ~ 0 , , ? ~ Z ? : g ~ ? ? ? ? ? . t Water Resource EngineeringDealing with the natural resources of our environment, both in management capacities for present needs and safety and in planning for the future available resources, is the responsibility of water resource engineers. Working in the fields of Hydrology and Hydraulics, water resource engineers help to guarantee the availability and quality of public water supplies and the timely handling of excess water, in any of its forms. Water resource engineering includes the analysis of water supply, treatment and storage, watershed management, which includes surface and ground water hydrology and hydrogeology, urban / rural rainfall and run-off analyses, and stormwater management and master drainage plans. The last function of water resource engineering is wastewater treatment and disposal, which includes sewage collection, treatment and disposal systems, sanitary sewer systems construction, inspection and rehabilitation, and sewage pumping stations collection, storage and treatment of urban run-off. Water resource engineering mainly falls in the fields of Hydrology and Hydraulics. Hydrology is the study of the sources and natural flows of water, whether it be underground, watershed runoff, snowpack, etc. The practice in this field is the planning and management of the available resources, whatever their form. Hydraulics is the study of both confined and unconfined fluid flow phenomena, and the designing of engineered systems to utilize such fluid properties as head, pressure, and velocity. Hydrological research in its widest sense comprises the circulation of water in nature under the influence of climatic variability and of mans actions concerning the exploitation and control of the water resources. A quantitative model description of the circulation of water is central as a background for the analysis of groundwater contamination, environmental effects of groundwater recovery, soil erosion, flooding, drought, and the interaction of areal use and water resources. Hydrology can be divided into two main areas: groundwater hydrology and surface water hydrology. Groundwater hydrology includes the flow and transport processes in saturated and unsaturated soil, including laboratory experiments and field investigations describing the exhaustive physical or chemical processes and the development of mathematical or numerical model systems. The focus of groundwater hydrology is especially upon the effect of heterogeneities in the subsurface (for example stone, clay or sand lens es and macropores), dispersion and solution of oil contamination in soil, coupling between chemical processes and transport, and definition of model parameters by optimization and validation of models. A prevailing part of the research resources will also in the future be concentrated on groundwater research with the main theme being flow and transport modeling in heterogeneous aquifers including scale-dependent model description, geochemical modeling, inverse modeling, and modeling of multi-phase transport (oil contamination). New, important areas are transport of pesticides, estimation of model uncertainties, and optimization of remediation initiatives at point sources. On the other hand, surface water hydrology includes the planning, development, and management of the water resources. It focuses on the understanding and model description of the global, regional, and local interaction between atmosphere, soil, water, and vegetation, including the change of precipitation to evapora tion, the creation and run-off of groundwater. Research in water resources and hydraulic engineering includes problems in the hydrodynamic modeling of free surface flows, the dynamics of ice formation and transport in rivers and oceans, remote sensing of sea ice dynamics, the spreading of oil and other chemical spills, modeling deep water oil/gas jets and plumes, and mathematical modeling of oil spills on rivers and oceans. Hydraulic engineering also deals with fluid statics, fluid dynamics, pipe flow, open channel flow, the design of various hydraulic structures, measurements, and model studies. The following are water resources engineering case studies. .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62 , .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62 .postImageUrl , .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62 , .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62:hover , .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62:visited , .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62:active { border:0!important; } .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62:active , .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62 .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1cc82e4453d2c79a2f5717796e848d62:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Hole In The Net Argumentative EssayWater Quality Modeling of Lake West PointWest Point Reservoir, on the Chattahoochee River downstream of metro Atlanta, is subject to algal production and blooms due to excessive nutrient loadings that need to be evaluated and controlled. The 2D hydrodynamic and water quality model CE-QUAL-W2 is being calibrated and applied to West Point Reservoir with the goal of assisting Georgia EPD in developing total Maximum Daily Loadings (TMDLs) of nutrients in order to meet water quality standards in the reservoir. The effect of using different temporal scales for model inputs is being investigated, and the impact of reduced phosphorus loading on reservoir water quality will be evaluated over a multi-year period. Use of Satellite Information in Modeling Runoff, Erosion, and Non-point Source Pollution for Large WatershedsThis project focuses on assessing the value of using satellite sensed weather and land cover/land use for the management of large watersheds (*1000 km 2). The project includes four major components: (1) estimation of rain using satellite images, (2) runoff modeling using distributed watershed models, (3) erosion modeling and sediment transport, and (4) modeling of non point source pollution loads. Case studies will be conducted for the Southeastern US and the Lake Victoria Basin. Works Citedhttp://vig.prenhall.com/acadbook/0,2581,0131766031,00.html http://www.ce.gatech.edu/~water/research.html#efm11http://cu.clarkson.edu/education/engineering/cee/NavMenu/Graduate/Areasofstudy/HydraulicsWR.htmPRIVATE TYPE=PICT;ALT=Pressure Column PRIVATE TYPE=PICT;ALT=Hydraulic Jump http://www.isva.dtu.dk/research.htm#hydro logyhttp://www.civil.utah.edu/~blaser/MM_project/water/index.htmlhttp://www.gamsby.com/water.htmF B o ? ? ? p q ? ? ? ? M O ? ? ? ? ?CJ ? j CJ U CJ CJ CJ CJ 5 ?** o ? * ? ? ? ? p ? M N O ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? dh ; F dh d? $ d? o ? * ? ? ? ? p ? M N O h % 3 + 0 P -/ =!? ? #? $? %? ? ? Engineering